Procedural Safeguards Notice: Rights for Parents of Preschool and School-Age Students with Disabilities

As a parent, you are a vital member of the committee on special education (CSE) or committee on preschool special education (CPSE) in New York State. The CSE/CPSE is responsible for developing recommendations for special education programs and services for your child. You must be given opportunities to participate in the CSE/CPSE discussion and decision-making process about your child’s needs for special education. The following information concerns procedural safeguards that are your legal rights under federal and State laws to be informed about and involved in the special education process and to make sure that your child receives a free appropriate public education (FAPE).

A copy of this procedural safeguards notice must be provided to you one time a year and:

• upon initial referral or your request for an evaluation of your child.
• whenever you request a copy.
• upon receipt of the first due process complaint in a school year requesting mediation or an impartial hearing.
• the first time in a school year when the school district receives a copy of a State complaint that you submitted to the New York State Education Department (NYSED).
• when a decision is made to suspend or remove your child for discipline reasons that would result in a disciplinary change in placement.

The Procedural Safeguards Notice has been adapted from the model form developed by the United States Department of Education (USDE). Information was added regarding New York State’s requirements.

General Information

Prior Written Notice  (Notice of Recommendation) | 34 CFR section 300.503; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(a) and (c)

Notice

Your school district must give you written notice (provide you certain information in writing), whenever it:

1. proposes to initiate or to change the identification, evaluation, or educational placement of your child, or the provision of a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to your child; or
2. refuses to initiate or to change the identification, evaluation, or educational placement of your child, or the provision of FAPE to your child.

If the prior written notice relates to an action by the school district that requires parental consent, the district will give notice at the same time they request such consent.

Content of notice

The written notice must:

1. describe the action that your school district proposes or refuses to take;
2. explain why your school district is proposing or refusing to take the action;
3. describe each evaluation procedure, assessment, record, or report your school district used in deciding to propose or refuse the action;
4. include a statement that you have protections under the procedural safeguards provisions in Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA);
5. tell you how you can obtain a description of the procedural safeguards notice if the action that your school district is proposing or refusing is not an initial referral for evaluation;
6. include resources for you to contact for help in understanding Part B of the IDEA;
7. describe any other choices that your child’s CSE or CPSE, considered and the reasons why those choices were rejected; and
8. provide a description of other reasons why your school district proposed or refused the action.

Notice in understandable language

The notice must be written in language understandable to the general public and be provided in your native language or other mode of communication you use, unless it is clearly not feasible to do so.

If your native language or other mode of communication is not a written language, your school district must ensure that:

1. the notice is translated for you orally by other means in your native language or other mode of communication;
2. you understand the content of the notice; and
3. there is written evidence that 1 and 2 have been met.

NATIVE LANGUAGE | 34 CFR section 300.29; 8 NYCRR section 200.1(ff)

Native language, when used with an individual who has limited English proficiency, means the following:

1. The language normally used by that person, or, in the case of a child, the language normally used by the child’s parents;
2. In all direct contact with a child (including evaluation of the child), the language normally used by the child in the home or learning environment.

For a person with deafness or blindness, or for a person with no written language, the mode of communication is what the person normally uses (such as sign language, Braille, or oral communication).

Electronic Mail  | 34 CFR section 300.505; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(a), (f), and (i)

If your school district offers parents the choice of receiving documents by e-mail, you may choose to receive the following by e-mail:

1. prior written notice (notice of recommendation);
2. procedural safeguards notice; and
3. notices related to a due process complaint.

Parental Consent — Definition| 34 CFR section 300.9; 8 NYCRR section 200.1(l)

Consent

Consent means:

1. You have been fully informed in your native language or other mode of communication (such as sign language, Braille, or oral communication) of all information about the action for which you are giving consent;
2. You understand and agree in writing to that action, and the consent describes that action and lists the records (if any) that will be released and to whom; and
3. You understand that the consent is voluntary on your part, and you may withdraw your consent at any time.

Your withdrawal of consent does not negate (undo) an action that has occurred after you gave your consent and before you withdrew it.

Parent Consent | 34 CFR section 300.300; 8 NYCRR sections 200.5(a) and (b)

Consent for initial evaluation

Your school district cannot conduct an initial evaluation of your child to determine whether your child is eligible under Part B of IDEA to receive special education and related services without first providing you with prior written notice of the proposed action and without obtaining your consent as described under the heading Parental Consent.

Your school district must make reasonable efforts to obtain your informed consent for an initial evaluation to decide whether your child is a child with a disability.

Your consent for initial evaluation does not mean that you have also given your consent for the school district to start providing special education and related services to your child.

If your child is enrolled in public school or you are seeking to enroll your child in a public school and you have refused to provide consent or failed to respond to a request to provide consent for an initial evaluation and your child is school-age, your school district may, but is not required to, seek to conduct an initial evaluation of your child by utilizing mediation or due process complaint, resolution meeting, and impartial due process hearing procedures. Your school district will not violate its obligations to locate, identify and evaluate your child if it does not pursue an evaluation of your child in these circumstances and your child can not receive special education services even if he/she would have been eligible.

Special rules for initial evaluation of wards of the State

If a child is a ward of the State and is not living with his/her parent, the school district does not need consent from the parent for an initial evaluation to determine if the child is a child with a disability if:

1. despite reasonable efforts to do so, the school district cannot find the child’s parent;
2. the rights of the parents have been terminated in accordance with State law; or
3. a judge has assigned the right to make educational decisions and to consent for an initial evaluation to an individual other than the parent.

In New York State, ward of the state means a child or youth under the age of twenty-one:

1. who has been placed or remanded pursuant to section 358-a, 384 or 384-a of the Social Services Law, or article 3, 7, or 10 of the Family Court Act, or freed for adoption pursuant to section 383-c, 384, or 384-b of the Social Services Law; or
2. who is in the custody of the Commissioner of Social Services or the Office of Children and Family Services; or
3. who is a destitute child under section 398(1) of the Social Services Law.

Parental consent for services

Your school district must obtain your informed consent before providing special education and related services to your child for the first time. The school district must make reasonable efforts to obtain your informed consent before providing special education and related services to your child for the first time.

If you do not respond to a request to provide your consent for your child to receive special education and related services for the first time, or if you refuse to give such consent, your school district may not use due process procedures (i.e., mediation, resolution meeting, or an impartial due process hearing) in order to obtain agreement or a ruling that the special education and related services (recommended by your child’s CSE or CPSE) may be provided to your child without your consent.

If you refuse to give your consent for your child to receive special education and related services for the first time, or if you do not respond to a request to provide such consent and the school district does not provide your child with the special education and related services for which it sought your consent, your school district:

1. is not in violation of the requirement to make FAPE available to your child for its failure to provide those services to your child; and
2. is not required to have an Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting or develop an IEP for your child for the special education and related services for which your consent was requested.

Revocation of parental consent

If you inform the school district in writing that you revoke (take back) your consent for your school district to provide special education and related services to your child, your school district:

1. may not continue to provide special education and related services to your child;
2. may not use due process procedures (i.e., mediation, resolution meeting, or an impartial due process hearing) in order to obtain agreement or a ruling that the services may be provided to your child;
3. is not in violation of the requirement to make FAPE available to your child for its failure to provide further special education and related services to your child;
4. is not required to have an IEP meeting or develop an IEP for your child for the further provision of special education and related services; and
5. is not required to amend your child’s education records to remove any reference to your child’s receipt of special education and related services because of the revocation of consent.

Parental consent for reevaluations

Your school district must obtain your informed consent before it reevaluates your child, unless your school district can demonstrate that:

1. it took reasonable steps to obtain your consent for your child’s reevaluation; and
2. you did not respond.

If you refuse to consent to your child’s reevaluation, the school district may, but is not required to, pursue your child’s reevaluation by using mediation, due process complaint, resolution meeting, and impartial due process hearing procedures to seek to override your refusal to consent to your child’s reevaluation. As with initial evaluations, your school district does not violate its obligations under Part B of IDEA if it declines to pursue the reevaluation in this manner.

Documentation of reasonable efforts to obtain parental consent

Your school must maintain documentation of reasonable efforts to obtain parental consent for initial evaluations and reevaluations, to provide special education and related services for the first time, and to locate parents of wards of the State for initial evaluations. The documentation must include a record of the school district’s attempts in these areas, such as:

1. detailed records of telephone calls made or attempted and the results of those calls;
2. copies of correspondence sent to the parents and any responses received; and
3. detailed records of visits made to the parent’s home or place of employment and the results of those visits.

Parental consent for insurance access

Parent consent is required prior to the school district accessing a parent’s private or public insurance proceeds as described under the heading of Use of Public and Private Benefits/Insurance.

Consent for Parentally-Placed and Home-Instructed Students

If you have enrolled your child in a private school at your own expense or if you are home schooling your child, and you do not provide your consent for your child’s initial evaluation or your child’s reevaluation, or you fail to respond to a request to provide your consent, the school district may not use its consent override procedures (i.e., mediation, due process complaint, resolution meeting, or an impartial due process hearing) and is not required to consider your child as eligible to receive equitable services (services made available to parentally-placed private school children with disabilities).

Other consent requirements

Your consent is not required before your school district may:

1. review existing data as part of your child’s evaluation or a reevaluation; or
2. give your child a test or other evaluation that is given to all children unless, before that test or evaluation, consent is required from all parents of all children.

Your school district may not use your refusal to consent to one service or activity to deny you or your child any other service, benefit, or activity.

The school district must develop and implement procedures to ensure that your refusal to consent to any of these other services and activities does not result in a failure to provide your child with FAPE.

Independent Educational Evaluations | 34 CFR section 300.502; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(g)

General

As described below, you have the right to obtain an independent educational evaluation (IEE) of your child if you disagree with the evaluation of your child that was obtained by your school district.

If you request an IEE, the school district must provide you with information about where you may obtain one and about the school district’s criteria that apply to IEEs.

Definitions

Independent educational evaluation means an evaluation conducted by a qualified examiner who is not employed by the school district responsible for the education of your child.

Public expense means that the school district either pays for the full cost of the evaluation or ensures that the evaluation is otherwise provided at no cost to you, consistent with the provisions of Part B of IDEA, which allow each state to use whatever State, local, federal and private sources of support are available in the State to meet the requirements of Part B of IDEA.

Parent right to evaluation at public expense

You have the right to an IEE of your child at public expense if you disagree with an evaluation of your child obtained by your school district, subject to the following conditions:

1. If you request an IEE of your child at public expense, your school district must, without unnecessary delay, either: (a) file a due process complaint to request a hearing to show that its evaluation of your child is appropriate; or (b) provide an IEE at public expense, unless the school district demonstrates in a hearing that the evaluation of your child that you obtained did not meet the school district’s criteria.
2. If your school district requests a hearing and the final decision is that your school district’s evaluation of your child is appropriate, you still have the right to an IEE, but not at public expense.
3. If you request an IEE of your child, the school district may ask why you object to the evaluation of your child obtained by your school district. However, your school district may not require an explanation and may not unreasonably delay either providing the IEE of your child at public expense or filing a due process complaint to request a due process hearing to defend the school district’s evaluation of your child.

You are entitled to only one IEE of your child at public expense each time your school district conducts an evaluation of your child with which you disagree.

Parent-initiated evaluations

If you obtain an IEE of your child at public expense or you choose to share with the school district an evaluation of your child that you obtained at private expense:

1. Your school district must consider the results of the evaluation of your child, if it meets the school district’s criteria for IEE, in any decision made with respect to the provision of FAPE to your child; and
2. You or your school district may present the evaluation as evidence at a due process hearing regarding your child.

Requests for evaluations by impartial hearing officers

If an impartial hearing officer requests an IEE of your child as part of a due process hearing, the cost of the evaluation must be at public expense.

School district criteria

If an IEE is at public expense, the criteria under which the evaluation is obtained, including the location of the evaluation and the qualifications of the examiner, must be the same as the criteria that the school district uses when it initiates an evaluation (to the extent those criteria are consistent with your right to an IEE).
Except for the criteria described above, a school district may not impose conditions or timelines related to obtaining an IEE at public expense.

Confidentiality of Information

Definitions | 34 CFR section 300.611

As used under the heading Confidentiality of Information:

Destruction means physical destruction or removal of personal identifiers from information so that the information is no longer personally identifiable.

Education records means the type of records covered under the definition of ‘‘education records’’ in 34 CFR Part 99 (the regulations implementing the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, 20 U.S.C. 1232g (FERPA)).

Participating agency means any school district, agency or institution that collects, maintains, or uses personally identifiable information, or from which information is obtained, under Part B of IDEA.

Personally Identifiable | 34 CFR section 300.32; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(e)

Personally identifiable means information that has:

1. your child’s name, your name as the parent, or the name of another family member;
2. your child’s address;
3. a personal identifier, such as your child’s social security number or student number; or
4. a list of personal characteristics or other information that would make it possible to identify your child with reasonable certainty.

Notice to Parents | 34 CFR section 300.612

When the New York State Education Department (NYSED) and school districts maintain personally identifiable information, notice must be given that is adequate to fully inform parents about confidentiality of personally identifiable information, including:

1. a description of the extent to which the notice is given in the native languages of the various population groups in the State;
2. a description of the children on whom personally identifiable information is maintained, the types of information sought, the methods used in gathering the information (including the sources from whom information is gathered), and the uses to be made of the information;
3. a summary of the policies and procedures that participating agencies must follow regarding storage, disclosure to third parties, retention, and destruction of personally identifiable information; and
4. a description of all of the rights of parents and children regarding this information, including the rights under FERPA and its implementing regulations in 34 CFR Part 99.

Before any major identification, location, or evaluation activity (also known as “child find”), the notice must be published or announced in newspapers or other media, or both, with circulation adequate to notify parents of the activity to locate, identify, and evaluate children in need of special education and related services.

Access Right | 34 CFR section 300.613; 8 NYCRR sections 200.2(b)(6) and 200.5(d)(6)

The participating agency must permit you to inspect and review any education records relating to your child that are collected, maintained, or used by your school district under Part B of IDEA. The participating agency must comply with your request to inspect and review any education records on your child without unnecessary delay and before any meeting regarding an IEP, or any impartial due process hearing (including a resolution meeting or a hearing regarding discipline), and in no case more than 45 calendar days after you have made a request.

Your right to inspect and review education records includes:

1. a response from the participating agency to your reasonable requests for explanations and interpretations of the records;
2. a request that the participating agency provide copies of the records if you cannot effectively inspect and review the records unless you receive those copies; and
3. to have your representative inspect and review the records.

The participating agency may presume that you have authority to inspect and review records relating to your child unless advised that you do not have the authority under applicable State law governing such matters as guardianship, or separation and divorce.

Record of Access | 34 CFR section 300.614

Each participating agency must keep a record of parties obtaining access to education records collected, maintained, or used under Part B of IDEA (except access by parents and authorized employees of the participating agency), including the name of the party, the date access was given, and the purpose for which the party is authorized to use the records.

Records on More Than One Child | 34 CFR section 300.615

If any education record includes information on more than one child, the parents of those children have the right to inspect and review only the information relating to their child or to be informed of that specific information.

List of Types and Locations of Information | 34 CFR section 300.616

On request, each participating agency must provide you with a list of the types and locations of education records collected, maintained, or used by the agency.

Fees | 34 CFR section 300.617

Each participating agency may charge a fee for copies of records that are made for you under Part B of IDEA, if the fee does not effectively prevent you from exercising your right to inspect and review those records.

A participating agency may not charge a fee to search for or to retrieve information under Part B of IDEA.

Amendment of Records at Parent’s Request | 34 CFR section 300.618

If you believe that information in the education records regarding your child collected, maintained, or used under Part B of IDEA is inaccurate, misleading, or violates the privacy or other rights of your child, you may request the participating agency that maintains the information to change the information.

The participating agency must decide whether to change the information in accordance with your request within a reasonable period of time of receipt of your request.

If the participating agency refuses to change the information in accordance with your request, it must inform you of the refusal and advise you of the right to a hearing for this purpose as described under the heading Opportunity For a Hearing.

Opportunity for a Hearing | 34 CFR section 300.619

The participating agency must, on request, provide you an opportunity for a hearing to challenge information in education records regarding your child to ensure that it is not inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the privacy or other rights of your child.

Hearing Procedures | 34 CFR section 300.621

A hearing to challenge information in education records must be conducted according to the procedures for such hearings under FERPA.

Result of Hearing  | 34 CFR section 300.620

If, as a result of the hearing, the participating agency decides that the information is inaccurate, misleading or otherwise in violation of the privacy or other rights of the child, it must change the information accordingly and inform you in writing.

If, as a result of the hearing, the participating agency decides that the information is not inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the privacy or other rights of your child, it must inform you of your right to place in the records that it maintains on your child a statement commenting on the information or providing any reasons you disagree with the decision of the participating agency.

Such an explanation placed in the records of your child must:

1. be maintained by the participating agency as part of the records of your child as long as the record or contested portion is maintained by the participating agency; and
2. if the participating agency discloses the records of your child or the challenged portion to any party, the explanation must also be disclosed to that party.

Consent for Disclosure of Personally Identifiable information | 34 CFR section 300.622; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(b)

Unless the information is contained in education records, and the disclosure is authorized without parental consent under FERPA, your consent must be obtained before personally identifiable information is disclosed to parties other than officials of participating agencies. Except under the circumstances specified below, your consent is not required before personally identifiable information is released to officials of participating agencies for purposes of meeting a requirement of Part B of IDEA.

Your consent, or consent of an eligible child who has reached the age of majority under State law (age 18), must be obtained before personally identifiable information is released to officials of participating agencies providing or paying for transition services.

If your child is in, or is going to go to, a private school that is not located in the same school district you reside in, your consent must be obtained before any personally identifiable information about your child is released between officials in the school district where the private school is located and officials in the school district where you reside.

Safeguards | 34 CFR section 300.62

Each participating agency must protect the confidentiality of personally identifiable information at collection, storage, disclosure, and destruction stages.

One official at each participating agency must assume responsibility for ensuring the confidentiality of any personally identifiable information.

All persons collecting or using personally identifiable information must receive training or instruction regarding New York State’s policies and procedures regarding confidentiality under Part B of IDEA and FERPA.

Each participating agency must maintain, for public inspection, a current listing of the names and positions of those employees within the agency who may have access to personally identifiable information.

Destruction of Information  | 34 CFR section 300.624

Your school district must inform you when personally identifiable information collected, maintained, or used is no longer needed to provide educational services to your child.

The information must be destroyed at your request. However, a permanent record of your child’s name, address, and phone number, his or her grades, attendance record, classes attended, grade level completed, and year completed may be maintained without time limitation.

Dispute Resolution Options

Due process procedures have been established to provide specific options for resolving concerns or disagreements that arise between parents and school districts about the identification, evaluation, educational placement of, or the provision of a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to a student with a disability or a student suspected of having a disability.

There are three distinct options for special education dispute resolution:

• Mediation;
• State Complaint; and
• Due Process Hearing (also known as an impartial hearing).

School districts and parents are encouraged to work cooperatively to resolve disagreements that may occur through less-adversarial means whenever possible. For example, parents may contact their child’s teacher or ask for a meeting with school administrators or the Committee on Preschool Special Education (CPSE) or Committee on Special Education (CSE) to discuss concerns about their child’s education before proceeding with the dispute mechanisms listed above and detailed below.

Mediation | 34 CFR section 300.506; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(h)

General

The school district must make mediation available to allow you and the school district to resolve disagreements involving any matter under Part B of IDEA, including matters arising prior to the filing of a due process complaint. Thus, mediation is available to resolve disputes under Part B of IDEA, whether or not you have filed a due process complaint to request a due process hearing as described under the heading Filing a Due Process Complaint.

Requirements

The procedures must ensure that the mediation process:

1. is voluntary on your part and the school district’s part;
2. is not used to deny or delay your right to a due process hearing, or to deny any other rights you have under Part B of IDEA; and
3. is conducted by a qualified and impartial mediator who is trained in effective mediation techniques.

The school district may develop procedures that offer parents and schools that choose not to use the mediation process, an opportunity to meet, at a time and location convenient to you, with a disinterested party:

1. who is under contract with the Community Dispute Resolution Center (CDRC); and
2. who would explain the benefits and encourage the use of the mediation process to you.

New York State uses qualified mediators trained by CDRC who know the laws and regulations relating to the provision of special education and related services. Mediators are selected by CDRCs on a random, rotational, or other impartial basis.

Arranging mediation

Mediation is arranged through the school district with CDRCs. The State is responsible for the cost of the mediation process, including the costs of meetings.

Each meeting in the mediation process must be scheduled in a timely manner and held at a place that is convenient for you and the school district.

Mediation agreements

If you and the school district resolve a dispute through the mediation process, both parties must enter into a legally binding agreement that sets forth the resolution and:

1. states that all discussions that happened during the mediation process will remain confidential and may not be used as evidence in any subsequent due process hearing or civil proceeding; and
2. is signed by both you and a representative of the school district who has the authority to bind the school district.

A written, signed mediation agreement is enforceable in any State court of competent jurisdiction (a court that has the authority under State law to hear this type of case) or in a district court of the United States.

Discussions that happened during the mediation process must be confidential. They cannot be used as evidence in any future due process hearing or civil proceeding of any federal court or State court of a State receiving assistance under Part B of IDEA.

Impartiality of mediator

The mediator:

1. may not be an employee of a State educational agency or school that is involved in the education or care of your child; and
2. must not have a personal or professional interest which conflicts with the mediator’s objectivity.

A person who otherwise qualifies as a mediator is not an employee of a school district or State agency solely because he or she is paid by the agency or school district to serve as a mediator.

State Complaint Procedures

Difference Between Due Process Hearing Complaint and State Complain Procedures

The regulations for Part B of IDEA set forth separate procedures for State complaints and for due process complaints and hearings. As explained below, any individual or organization may file a State complaint alleging a violation of any Part B requirement by a school district, NYSED, or any other public agency. Only you or a school district may file a due process complaint on any matter relating to a proposal or a refusal to initiate or change the identification, evaluation or educational placement of a child with a disability, or the provision of FAPE to the child. NYSED staff generally must resolve a State complaint within a 60-calendar-day timeline, unless the timeline is properly extended. An impartial due process hearing officer must hear a due process complaint (if not resolved through a resolution meeting or through mediation) and issue a written decision within 45 calendar days for school-age students and 30 calendar days for preschool students after the end of the resolution period, (as described in this document under the heading Resolution Process) unless the hearing officer grants a specific extension of the timeline. Such an extension would be at your request or the school district’s request. The State complaint and due process complaint, resolution and hearing procedures are described more fully below.

Adoption of State Complaint Procedures  | 34 CFR section 300.151; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(l)

General

NYSED must have written procedures for:

1. resolving any complaint, including a complaint filed by an organization or individual from another State;
2. the filing of a complaint with NYSED. State complaints may be sent to:New York State Education Department
   Office of Special Education
   89 Washington Avenue, Room 309 EB
   Albany, NY 12234
3. widely disseminating the State complaint procedures to parents and other interested individuals, including parent training and information centers, protection and advocacy agencies, independent living centers, and other appropriate entities.

Remedies for denial of appropriate services

In resolving a State complaint in which NYSED has found a failure to provide appropriate services, NYSED must address:

1. the failure to provide appropriate services, including corrective action appropriate to address the needs of the child; and
2. appropriate future provision of services for all children with disabilities.

Minimum State Complaint Procedures | 34 CFR section 300.152; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(l)

Time limit; minimum procedures

NYSED must include in its State complaint procedures a time limit of 60 calendar days after a complaint is filed to:

1. carry out an independent on-site investigation, if NYSED determines that an investigation is necessary;
2. give the complainant (the person submitting the complaint) the opportunity to submit additional information, either orally or in writing, about the allegations in the complaint;
3. provide the school district or other public agency with the opportunity to respond to the complaint, including, at a minimum: (a) at the option of the agency, a proposal to resolve the complaint; and (b) an opportunity for a parent who has filed a complaint and the agency to agree voluntarily to engage in mediation;
4. review all relevant information and make an independent determination as to whether the school district or other public agency is violating a requirement of Part B of IDEA; and
5. issue a written decision to the complainant that addresses each allegation in the complaint and contains: (a) findings of fact and conclusions; and (b) the reasons for NYSED’s final decision.

Time extension; final decision; implementation

NYSED’s procedures described above also must:

1. permit an extension of the 60 calendar-day time limit only if: (a) exceptional circumstances exist with respect to a particular State complaint; or (b) the parent and the school district or other public agency involved voluntarily agree to extend the time to resolve the matter through mediation.
2. include procedures for effective implementation of NYSED’s final decision, if needed, including: (a) technical assistance activities; (b) negotiations; and (c) corrective actions to achieve compliance.

NYSED’s decision rendered for the complaint is final and is not subject to appeal. While a school district and a parent have the right to initiate an impartial hearing to address the same issues raised in the complaint, the impartial hearing cannot be used as an appeal to a State complaint decision.

State complaints and due process hearings

If a written State complaint is received that is also the subject of a due process hearing as described below under the heading Filing a Due Process Complaint, or the State complaint contains multiple allegations of which one or more are part of such a hearing, NYSED must set aside the State complaint, or any part of the State complaint that is being addressed in the due process hearing until the hearing is over. Any allegation in the State complaint that is not a part of the due process hearing must be resolved using the time limit and procedures described above.

If an allegation raised in a State complaint has previously been decided in a due process hearing involving the same parties (you and the school district), then the due process hearing decision is binding on that allegation and NYSED must inform the complainant that the decision is binding.

A complaint alleging a school district’s or other public agency’s failure to implement a due process hearing decision must be resolved by NYSED.

Filing a Complaint | 34 CFR section 300.153; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(l)

An organization or individual may file a signed written State complaint under the procedures described above.

The State complaint must include:

1. a statement that a school district or other public agency has violated a requirement of Part B of IDEA or its regulations;
2. the facts on which the statement is based;
3. the signature and contact information for the complainant; and
4. if alleging violations regarding a specific child:
   1. the name of the child and address of the residence of the child;
   2. the name of the school the child is attending;
   3. in the case of a homeless child or youth, available contact information for the child, and the name of the school the child is attending;
   4. a description of the nature of the problem of the child, including facts relating to the problem; and
   5. a proposed resolution of the problem to the extent known and available to the party filing the complaint at the time the complaint is filed.

The complaint must allege a violation that occurred not more than one year prior to the date that the complaint is received as described under the heading Adoption of State Complaint Procedures.

The party filing the State complaint must forward a copy of the complaint to the school district or other public agency serving the child at the same time the party files the complaint with NYSED.

Due Process Complaint Procedures

Filing a Due Process Complaint| 34 CFR section 300.507; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(i) and section 200.5(j)

General

You or the school district may file a due process complaint on any matter relating to a proposal or a refusal to initiate or change the identification, evaluation or educational placement of your child, or the provision of FAPE to your child.

The due process complaint must allege a violation that happened not more than two years before you or the school district knew or should have known about the alleged action that forms the basis of the due process complaint.

The above timeline does not apply to you if you could not file a due process complaint within the timeline because:

1. the school district specifically misrepresented that it had resolved the issues identified in the complaint; or
2. the school district withheld information from you that it was required to provide you under Part B of IDEA.

Information for parents

The school district must inform you of any free or low-cost legal and other relevant services available in the area if you request the information, or if you or the school district file a due process complaint.

Due Process Complaint | 34 CFR section 300.508; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(i) and (j)

General

In order to request a hearing, you or the school district (or your attorney or the school district’s attorney) must submit a due process complaint to the other party. That complaint must contain all of the content listed below and must be kept confidential.

You or the school district, whichever one filed the complaint, must also provide NYSED with a copy of the complaint.

Content of the complaint

The due process complaint must include:

1. the name of the child;
2. the address of the child’s residence;
3. the name of the child’s school;
4. if the child is a homeless child or youth, the child’s contact information and the name of the child’s school;
5. a description of the nature of the problem of the child relating to the proposed or refused action, including facts relating to the problem; and
6. a proposed resolution of the problem to the extent known and available to you or the school district at the time.

Notice required before a hearing on a due process complaint

You or the school district may not have a due process hearing until you or the school district (or your attorney or the school district’s attorney), files a due process complaint that includes the information listed above.

Sufficiency of complaint

In order for a due process complaint to go forward, it must be considered sufficient. The due process complaint will be considered sufficient (to have met the content requirements above) unless the party receiving the due process complaint (you or the school district) notifies the hearing officer and the other party in writing, within 15 calendar days of receiving the complaint, that the receiving party believes that the due process complaint does not meet the requirements listed above.

Within five calendar days of receiving the notification the receiving party (you or the school district) considers a due process complaint insufficient, the impartial hearing officer must decide if the due process complaint meets the requirements listed above, and notify you and the school district in writing immediately.

Complaint amendment

You or the school district may make changes to the complaint only if:

1. the other party approves of the changes in writing and is given the chance to resolve the due process complaint through a resolution meeting, described below; or
2. by no later than five days before the due process hearing begins, the hearing officer grants permission for the changes.

If the complaining party (you or the school district) makes changes to the due process complaint, the timelines for the resolution meeting (within 15 calendar days of receiving the complaint) and the time period for resolution (within 30 calendar days of receiving the complaint) start again on the date the amended complaint is filed.

Local educational agency (LEA) or school district response to a due process complaint

If the school district has not sent a prior written notice to you, as described under the heading Prior Written Notice, regarding the subject matter contained in your due process complaint, the school district must, within 10 calendar days of receiving the due process complaint, send a response to you that includes:

1. an explanation of why the school district proposed or refused to take the action raised in the due process complaint;
2. a description of other options that your child’s CSE or CPSE considered and the reasons why those options were rejected;
3. a description of each evaluation procedure, assessment, record, or report the school district used as the basis for the proposed or refused action; and
4. a description of the other factors that are relevant to the school district’s proposed or refused action.

Providing the information in items 1-4 above does not prevent the school district from asserting that your due process complaint was insufficient.

Other party response to a due process complaint

Except as stated under the sub-heading immediately above, LEA or school district response to a due process complaint, the party receiving a due process complaint must, within 10 calendar days of receiving the complaint, send the other party a response that specifically addresses the issues in the complaint.

Model Forms | 34 CFR section 300.509

NYSED must develop model forms to help you file a State complaint and a due process complaint. However, NYSED or the school district may not require you to use these model forms. You can use the State’s Sample State Complaint Form or Sample Due Process Complaint Notice Form, or another appropriate form, so long as it contains the required information for filing a due process complaint or a State complaint. See NYSED’s New York State Forms and Notices Related to Special Education website.

Copies of the forms will be provided to you by the school district or by contacting NYSED, Office of Special Education at 518-473-2878.

The Child’s Placement While the Due Process Complaint and Hearing are Pending (Pendency) | 34 CFR section 300.518; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(m)

Except as provided below under the heading PROCEDURES WHEN DISCIPLINING CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, once a due process complaint is sent to the other party, during the resolution process time period, and while waiting for the decision of any impartial due process hearing or court proceeding, unless you and your school district or you and the State Review Officer (SRO) agree otherwise, your child must remain in his or her current educational placement.

If the due process proceeding concerns consent for an initial evaluation, your child will not be evaluated while the proceeding is pending.

If the due process complaint involves an application for initial admission to public school, your child, with your consent, must be placed in the regular public school program until the completion of all such proceedings.

A child who received preschool special education services and is now school-age may, during hearings and appeals, remain in the same programs as the preschool program if that program also has an approved school-age special education program.

If your preschool child is currently not receiving special education services and programs, he or she may, during any hearings or appeals, receive special education services and programs if you and the school district agree.

If the due process complaint involves an application for initial services under Part B of IDEA for a child who is transitioning from being served under Part C of IDEA (Early Intervention Services) to Part B of IDEA (Preschool Special Education Services) and who is no longer eligible for Part C services because the child has turned three, the school district is not required to provide the Part C services that the child has been receiving. If the child is found eligible under Part B of IDEA and you consent for the child to receive special education and related services for the first time, then, pending the outcome of the proceedings, the school district must provide those special education and related services that are not in dispute (those which you and the school district both agree upon).

A child who has received early intervention services and is not of preschool age may, during hearings and appeals, receive special education in the same program as the early intervention program if that program is also an approved preschool program.

Resolution Process | 34 CFR section 300.510; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(j)

Resolution meeting

Within 15 calendar days of receiving notice of your due process complaint, and before the due process hearing begins, the school district must convene a meeting with you and the relevant member or members of the CSE or CPSE who have specific knowledge of the facts identified in your due process complaint. The meeting:

1. must include a representative of the school district who has decision-making authority on behalf of the school district; and
2. may not include an attorney of the school district unless you are accompanied by an attorney.

You and the school district determine the relevant members of the CSE or CPSE to attend the meeting.

The purpose of the meeting is for you to discuss your due process complaint, and the facts that form the basis of the complaint, so that the school district has the opportunity to resolve the dispute.

The resolution meeting is not necessary if:

1. you and the school district agree in writing to waive the meeting; or
2. you and the school district agree to use the mediation process, as described under the heading Mediation.

A school district must make reasonable efforts to obtain your participation in the resolution meeting.

Resolution period

If the school district has not resolved the due process complaint to your satisfaction within 30 calendar days of the receipt of the due process complaint (during the time period for the resolution process), the due process hearing may occur.

The 45-calendar-day timeline for school-age students or 30-calendar-day timeline for preschool students for issuing a final decision begins at the expiration of the 30-calendar-day resolution period, with certain exceptions for adjustments made to the 30-calendar-day resolution period, as described below.

Except where you and the school district have both agreed to waive the resolution process or to use mediation, your failure to participate in the resolution meeting will delay the timelines for the resolution process and due process hearing until you agree to participate in a meeting. If you decide not to attend the resolution meeting, your impartial hearing may be dismissed by an impartial hearing officer.

If after making reasonable efforts and documenting such efforts, the school district is not able to obtain your participation in the resolution meeting, the school district may, at the end of the 30-calendar-day resolution period, request that an impartial hearing officer dismiss your due process complaint.

Documentation of such efforts must include a record of the school district’s attempts to arrange a mutually agreed upon time and place, such as:

1. detailed records of telephone calls made or attempted and the results of those calls;
2. copies of correspondence sent to you and any responses received; and
3. detailed records of visits made to your home or place of employment and the results of those visits.

If the school district fails to hold the resolution meeting within 15 calendar days of receiving notice of your due process complaint or fails to participate in the resolution meeting, you may ask a hearing officer to order that the 45-calendar-day due process hearing timeline for school-age students (or the 30-calendar-day due process hearing timeline for preschool) begin.

Adjustments to the 30-calendar-day resolution period

If you and the school district agree in writing to waive the resolution meeting, then the 45 calendar day for school-age (or 30 calendar day for preschool) timeline for the due process hearing starts the next calendar day.

After the start of mediation or the resolution meeting and before the end of the 30-calendar-day resolution period, if you and the school district agree in writing that no agreement is possible, then the 45 calendar day for school-age students or 30 calendar day for preschool timeline for the due process hearing starts the next calendar day.

If you and the school district agree to use the mediation process, at the end of the 30- calendar-day resolution period, both parties can agree in writing to continue the mediation until an agreement is reached. However, if either you or the school district withdraws from the mediation process, then the 45-calendar-day or 30-calendar-day timeline for the due process hearing starts the next calendar day.

Written agreement

If a resolution to the dispute is reached at the resolution meeting, you and the school district must enter into a legally binding agreement that is:

1. signed by you and a representative of the school district who has the authority to bind the school district; and
2. enforceable in any State court of competent jurisdiction (a State court that has authority to hear this type of case) or in a district court of the United States.

Agreement review period

If you and the school district enter into an agreement as a result of a resolution meeting, either party (you or the school district) may void the agreement within three business days of the time that both you and the school district signed the agreement.

Hearings on Due Process Complains

Impartial Due process Hearing | 34 CFR section 300.511; 8 NYCRR sections 200.1(x), 200.5(i) and (j)

General

Whenever a due process complaint is filed, you or the school district involved in the dispute must have an opportunity for an impartial due process hearing, as described in the Due Process Complaint and Resolution Process sections. The school district appoints the impartial hearing officer from the rotational list. The impartial hearing officer convenes the impartial hearing.

Impartial hearing officer (IHO)

At a minimum, an IHO must:

1. not be an employee of a State educational agency or school that is involved in the education or care of the child. However, a person is not an employee of the agency solely because he/she is paid by the agency to serve as a hearing officer;
2. not have a personal or professional interest that conflicts with the hearing officer’s objectivity in the hearing;
3. be knowledgeable and understand the provisions of IDEA, and federal and New York State regulations pertaining to IDEA, and legal interpretations of IDEA by federal and State courts; and
4. have the knowledge and ability to conduct hearings, and to make and write decisions, consistent with appropriate, standard legal practice.

Each school district must keep a list of those persons who serve as IHOs.

Subject matter of due process hearing

The party (you or the school district) that requests the due process hearing may not raise issues at the due process hearing that were not addressed in the due process complaint notice, unless the other party agrees.

Timeline for requesting a hearing

You or the school district must request an impartial hearing on a due process complaint within two years of the date you or the school district knew or should have known about the issue addressed in the complaint.

Exceptions to the timeline

The above timeline does not apply to you if you could not file a due process complaint because:

1. the school district specifically misrepresented that it had resolved the problem or issue that you are raising in your complaint; or
2. the school district withheld information from you that it was required to provide to you under Part B of IDEA.

Hearing Rights | 34 CFR section 300.512; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(j)

General

Any party to a due process hearing (including a hearing relating to disciplinary procedures) or an appeal, as described under the sub-heading Appeal of decisions; impartial review has the right to:

1. be accompanied and advised by a lawyer and/or persons with special knowledge or training regarding the problems of children with disabilities;
2. present evidence and confront, cross-examine, and require the attendance of witnesses;
3. prohibit the introduction of any evidence at the hearing that has not been disclosed to the other party at least five business days before the hearing;
4. obtain a written, or, at your option, electronic, word-for-word record of the hearing; and
5. obtain written, or, at your option, electronic findings of fact and decisions.

Additional disclosure of information

At least five business days prior to a due process hearing, you and the school district must disclose to each other all evaluations completed by that date and recommendations based on those evaluations that you or the school district intend to use at the hearing.

An IHO may prevent any party that fails to comply with this requirement from introducing the relevant evaluation or recommendation at the hearing without the consent of the other party.

Parental rights at hearings

You must be given the right to:

1. have your child present;

2. open the hearing to the public;

3. have the record of the hearing, the findings of fact and decisions provided to you at no cost; and

4. have an interpreter for the deaf or an interpreter fluent in your native language, if necessary, at no cost to you.

Hearing Decisions | 34 CFR section 300.513; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(j)

Decision of hearing officer

An IHO’s decision on whether your child received FAPE must be based on substantive grounds.

In matters alleging a procedural violation, an IHO may find that your child did not receive FAPE only if the procedural inadequacies:

1. interfered with your child’s right to FAPE;
2. significantly interfered with your opportunity to participate in the decision-making process regarding the provision of FAPE to your child; or
3. caused a deprivation of an educational benefit.

Construction clause

None of the provisions described above can be interpreted to prevent an IHO from ordering a school district to comply with the requirements in the procedural safeguards section of the federal regulations under Part B of IDEA (34 CFR sections 300.500 through 300.536).

None of the provisions under the headings: Filing a Due Process Complaint; Due Process Complaint; Model Forms; Resolution Process; Impartial Due Process Hearing; Hearing Rights; and Hearing Decisions (34 CFR sections 300.507 through 300.513), can affect your right to file an appeal of the due process hearing decision with the SRO (see heading Appeals – Finality of Decision).

Separate request for a due process hearing

Nothing in the procedural safeguards section of the federal regulations under Part B of IDEA (34 CFR sections 300.500 through 300.536) can be interpreted to prevent you from filing a separate due process complaint on an issue separate from a due process complaint already filed.

Accelerated Review and Order of Relief | 8 NYCRR sections 200.5(j) and (o)

General

You may request the immediate appointment of an IHO to address requests for relief from due process complaints that have been awaiting an appointment of an IHO for 196 days or more. Within one business day of receipt of your request for accelerated review, an IHO shall be appointed. Once appointed, IHOs may issue an order or finding based upon a proposed order of relief submitted by a parent identifying appropriate and individualized programs and services for the student.

Notification

Districts are required to provide written notification of your right to request accelerated review 196 days from the day you filed a due process complaint. Specifically, districts must provide you with written notification no less than five business days after the 196th day has elapsed since the filing of the due process complaint.

Considerations before requesting accelerated review:

1. Requesting accelerated review is voluntary − you have the option, and are not required, to request accelerated review;
2. accelerated review cannot be requested for claims regarding the initial identification as a student with a disability or manifestation determinations;
3. you understand that the accelerated review shall be conducted in place of the impartial due process hearing procedures as described under the headings Impartial Due Process Hearing, Hearing Rights and Hearing Decisions (34 CFR sections 300.507 through 300.513);
4. you understand and agree that the review will be conducted exclusively on the written record and via email;
5. the timeframe, from your initial request for accelerated relief to the impartial hearing officer’s issuance of a final determination, must occur within a maximum of 21 business days;
6. the impartial hearing officer’s final determination must be either (a) your proposed order of relief; (b) your proposed order of relief as modified by the impartial hearing officer based upon the record; or (c) a finding that no relief is warranted based upon the record; and
7. if either you or the district disagree with the impartial hearing officer’s final determination, the determination can be appealed to the Office of State Review, except that the Office of State Review will not accept an appeal of a final determination where the impartial hearing officer has ordered the relief proposed by you.

Appeals

Finality of Decision; Appeal; Impartial Review | 34 CFR section 300.514; 8NYCRR section 200.5(k)

Finality of hearing decision

A decision made in a due process hearing (including a hearing relating to disciplinary procedures) is final, except that any party involved in the hearing (you or the school district) may appeal the decision to NYSED, Office of State Review.

State-level appeals of IHO decisions

The decision made by the IHO is final unless you or the school district ask for a review of the decision of the IHO (called a request for review) by a SRO. If you want to appeal the IHO decision to an SRO, a Notice of Intention to Seek Review (Form A) must be served on the school district within 25 days from the date of the IHO’s decision. The notice of request for review (Form B) and request for review must be served by hand-delivery on the school district within 40 days from the date of the IHO’s decision. The SRO will:

1. make a final decision within 30 calendar days. The SRO may extend the time beyond the 30 days upon good cause shown at the timely written request of you or the school district. The extension must be for a specific time.
2. mail copies of the written or, at your option, electronic findings of fact and the decision to you or your attorney and the board of education (BOE) within the 30-day period or time period as extended by the SRO as set forth above.

The rules for filing an appeal to the SRO can be found at: http://www.sro.nysed.gov.

If there is an appeal, the SRO must conduct an impartial review of the findings and decision appealed. The official conducting the review must:

1. examine the entire hearing record;
2. ensure that the procedures at the hearing were consistent with the requirements of due process;
3. seek additional evidence if necessary. If a hearing is held to receive additional evidence, the hearing rights described above under the heading Hearing Rights apply;
4. give the parties an opportunity for oral or written argument, or both, at the discretion of the reviewing official;
5. make an independent decision on completion of the review; and
6. give you and the school district a copy of the written, or, at your option, electronic findings of fact and decisions.

Finality of review decision

The decision made by the SRO is final unless you or the school district brings a civil action, as described below.

Timelines and Convenience of Hearings and Reviews  | 34 CFR section 300.515; 8 NYCRR sections 200.5(j) and 200.16(h)

The school district must ensure that, not later than 45 calendar days for school-age students or 30 calendar days for preschool students, after the expiration of the 30 calendar day period for resolution meetings or, as described under the sub-heading Adjustments to the 30-calendar-day resolution period, not later than 45 calendar days for school-age students or 30 calendar days for preschool students after the expiration of the adjusted time period:

1. a final decision is reached in the hearing; and
2. a copy of the decision is mailed to you and the school district.

The SRO must ensure that not later than 30 calendar days after the receipt of a request for review or such time as extended by the SRO:

1. a final decision is reached in the review; and
2. a copy of the decision is mailed to you and the school district.

An IHO or a SRO may grant specific extensions of time beyond the periods described above (45-calendar-day for school-age or 30-calendar-day for preschool hearing decision timeline and 30-calendar-day SRO decision timeline) if you or the school district make a request for a specific extension of the timeline.
Each hearing and review involving oral arguments must be conducted at a time and place that is reasonably convenient to you and your child.

Civil Actions, Including the Time Period in which to File Those Actions | 34 CFR section 300.516; 8 NYCRR section 200.5(k)

General

Any party (you or the school district) who does not agree with the findings and decision in the State-level review has the right to bring a civil action with respect to the matter that was the subject of the due process hearing (including a hearing relating to disciplinary procedures). The action may be brought in a State court of competent jurisdiction (a State court that has authority to hear this type of case) or in a district court of the United States without regard to the amount in dispute.

Time limitation

The party (you or the school district) bringing the action have four months from the date of the decision of the SRO to file a civil action.

Additional procedures

In any civil action, the court:

1. receives the records of the administrative proceedings;
2. hears additional evidence at your request or at the school district’s request; and
3. bases its decision on the preponderance of the evidence and grants the relief that the court determines to be appropriate.

Jurisdiction of district courts

The district courts of the United States have authority to rule on actions brought under Part B of IDEA without regard to the amount in dispute.

Rule of construction

Nothing in Part B of IDEA restricts or limits the rights, procedures, and remedies available under the U.S. Constitution, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504), or other federal laws protecting the rights of children with disabilities. However, before filing a civil action under these laws seeking relief that is also available under Part B of IDEA, the due process procedures described above must be exhausted to the same extent as would be required if the party filed the action under Part B of IDEA. This means that you may have remedies available under other laws that overlap with those available under IDEA, but in general, to obtain relief under those other laws, you must first use the available administrative remedies under IDEA (i.e., the due process complaint, resolution meeting, and impartial due process hearing procedures) before going directly into court.

Attorneys’ Fees | 34 CFR section 300.517

General

In any action or proceeding brought under Part B of IDEA, if you prevail, the court, in its discretion, may award reasonable attorneys’ fees as part of the costs to you.

In any action or proceeding brought under Part B of IDEA, the court, in its discretion, may award reasonable attorneys’ fees as part of the costs to a prevailing school district, or NYSED to be paid by your attorney, if the attorney:  (a) filed a complaint or court case that the court finds is frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation; or (b) continued to litigate after the litigation clearly became frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation. or

In any action or proceeding brought under Part B of IDEA, the court, in its discretion, may award reasonable attorneys’ fees as part of the costs to a prevailing state educational agency (SEA) or school district, to be paid by you or your attorney, if your request for a due process hearing or later court case was presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass, to cause unnecessary delay, or to unnecessarily increase the cost of the action or proceeding.

Award of fees

A court awards reasonable attorneys’ fees as follows:

1. Fees must be based on rates prevailing in the community in which the action or hearing began for the kind and quality of services furnished. No bonus or multiplier may be used in calculating the fees awarded.
2. Fees may not be awarded and related costs may not be reimbursed in any action or proceeding under Part B of IDEA for services performed after a written offer of settlement to you if:
   1. the offer is made within the time prescribed by Rule 68 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or, in the case of a due process hearing or State-level review, at any time more than 10 calendar days before the proceeding begins;
   2. the offer is not accepted within 10 calendar days; and
   3. the court or administrative hearing officer finds that the relief finally obtained by you is not more favorable to you than the offer of settlement.
      Despite these restrictions, an award of attorneys’ fees and related costs may be made to you if you prevail and you were substantially justified in rejecting the settlement offer.
3. Fees may not be awarded relating to any meeting of the CSE or CPSE unless the meeting is held as a result of an administrative proceeding or court action.

A resolution meeting, as described under the heading Resolution meeting, is not considered a meeting convened as a result of an administrative hearing or court action, and also is not considered an administrative hearing or court action for purposes of these attorneys’ fees provisions.

The court reduces, as appropriate, the amount of the attorneys’ fees awarded under Part B of IDEA, if the court finds that:

1. you, or your attorney, during the course of the action or proceeding, unreasonably delayed the final resolution of the dispute;
2. the amount of the attorneys’ fees otherwise authorized to be awarded unreasonably exceeds the hourly rate prevailing in the community for similar services by attorneys of reasonably similar skill, reputation, and experience;
3. the time spent and legal services furnished were excessive considering the nature of the action or proceeding; or
4. the attorney representing you did not provide to the school district the appropriate information in the due process request notice as described under the heading Due Process Complaint.

However, the court may not reduce fees if the court finds that the State or school district unreasonably delayed the final resolution of the action or proceeding or there was a violation under the procedural safeguards provisions of Part B of IDEA.

Procedures When Disciplining Children with Disabilities

Authority of School Personnel | 34 CFR section 300.530; 8 NYCRR sections 201.2 – 201.7

Case-by-case determination

School personnel may consider any unique circumstances on a case-by-case basis, when determining whether a change of placement, made in accordance with the following requirements related to discipline, is appropriate for a child with a disability who violates a school code of student conduct.

General

The procedures for the discipline of students with disabilities must be in accordance with section 3214 of the Education Law and Part 201 of the

Regulations of the Commissioner of Education. While the school has the authority to suspend or remove your child for violating the school’s code of conduct, you and your child have certain rights throughout the process.

Rights that apply to all students

1. To be notified immediately by telephone, if possible, and to receive written notice within 24 hours of a proposed suspension of five school days or less. The notice should describe the incident, proposed suspension and your child’s rights. You also have the right to request an informal conference with the school principal, which will be held before the suspension unless your child’s presence in school poses a danger (in which case the informal conference can occur after your child is suspended).
2. To receive written notice of your opportunity for a superintendent’s hearing, if the suspension is for more than five consecutive school days, which describes your child’s rights to counsel and to question and present witnesses.
3. For your child to receive alternative instruction during the first ten days of any suspension or removal to the same extent as nondisabled students, if your child is of compulsory school age.

Rights that apply to students with disabilities

To the extent that they also take such action for children without disabilities, school personnel may, for not more than 10 school days in a row, remove a child with a disability who violates a code of student conduct from his or her current placement to an appropriate interim alternative educational setting (IAES) which must be determined by the child’s CSE or CPSE, another setting, or suspension. School personnel may also impose additional removals of the child of not more than 10 school days in a row in that same school year for separate incidents of misconduct, as long as those removals do not constitute a change of placement (see Change of Placement Because of Disciplinary Removals for the definition, below).

Once a child with a disability has been removed from his or her current placement for a total of 10 school days in the same school year, the school district must, during any subsequent days of removal in that school year, provide services to the extent required below under the sub-heading Services.

Additional authority

If the behavior that violated the student code of conduct was not a manifestation of the child’s disability (see Manifestation determination, below) and the disciplinary change of placement would exceed 10 school days in a row, school personnel may apply the disciplinary procedures to that child with a disability in the same manner and for the same duration as it would to children without disabilities, except that the school must provide services to that child as described below under Services. The child’s CSE or CPSE determines the IAES for such services.

Services

The services that must be provided to a child with a disability who has been removed from the child’s current placement may be provided in an IAES.

A school district is only required to provide services to a child with a disability who has been removed from his or her current placement for 10 school days or less in that school year, if it provides services to a child without disabilities who has been similarly removed.

In New York State, the school district must provide alternative instruction to a student with a disability who has been suspended for less than 10 days in a school year if the student is of compulsory school age. If the student is not of compulsory school age, alternative instruction must be provided if these services are provided to nondisabled students.

The education service requirements for students with disabilities during the first 10 days of suspension in a school year are the same as they are for nondisabled students. In New York State, alternative instruction must be provided for a minimum of two hours daily (10 hours of instruction per week) for an elementary student and three hours daily (15 hours of instruction per week) for a secondary student. If a student who is not of compulsory school age is suspended, the school district is not required to provide the student with the alternative instruction unless they provide this instruction to nondisabled students.

A child with a disability who is removed from the child’s current placement for more than 10 school days must:

1. continue to receive educational services, so as to enable the child to continue to participate in the general education curriculum, although in another setting, and to progress toward meeting the goals set out in the child’s IEP; and
2. receive, as appropriate, a functional behavioral assessment (FBA), and behavioral intervention (BIP) services and modifications that are designed to address the behavior violation so that it does not happen again.

After a child with a disability has been removed from his or her current placement for 10 school days in that same school year, and if the current removal is for 10 school days in a row or less and if the removal is not a change of placement (see definition below), then school personnel, in consultation with at least one of the child’s teachers, determine the extent to which services are needed to enable the child to continue to participate in the general education curriculum, although in another setting, and to progress toward meeting the goals set out in the child’s IEP.

If the removal is a change of placement (see definition below), the child’s CSE or CPSE determines the appropriate services to enable the child to continue to participate in the general education curriculum, although in another setting, and to progress toward meeting the goals set out in the child’s IEP.

Manifestation determination

Within 10 school days of any decision to change the placement of a child with a disability because of a violation of a code of student conduct (except for a removal that is for 10 school days in a row or less and not a change of placement), the school district, the parent, and relevant members of the CSE or CPSE (as determined by the parent and the school district) must review all relevant information in the student’s file, including the child’s IEP, any teacher observations, and any relevant information provided by the parents to determine:

1. if the conduct in question was caused by, or had a direct and substantial relationship to, the child’s disability; or
2. if the conduct in question was the direct result of the school district’s failure to implement the child’s IEP.

If the school district, the parent, and relevant members of the child’s CSE or CPSE determine that either of those conditions was met, the conduct must be determined to be a manifestation of the child’s disability.

If the school district, the parent, and relevant members of the child’s CSE or CPSE determine that the conduct in question was the direct result of the school district’s failure to implement the IEP, the school district must take immediate action to remedy those deficiencies.

Determination that behavior was a manifestation of the child’s disability

If the school district, the parent, and relevant members of the CSE or CPSE determine that the conduct was a manifestation of the child’s disability, the CSE or CPSE must either:

1. conduct an FBA, unless the school district had conducted an FBA before the behavior that resulted in the change of placement occurred, and implement a BIP for the child; or
2. if a BIP already has been developed, review the BIP, and modify it, as necessary, to address the behavior.

Except as described below under the sub-heading Special circumstances, the school district must return the child to the placement from which the child was removed, unless the parent and the district agree to a change of placement as part of the modification of the behavioral intervention plan.

Special circumstances

Whether or not the behavior was a manifestation of the child’s disability, school personnel may remove a student to an IAES (determined by the child’s CSE or CPSE) for up to 45 school days, if the child:

1. carries a weapon (see the definition below) to school or has a weapon at school, on school premises, or at a school function under the jurisdiction of NYSED or a school district;
2. knowingly has or uses illegal drugs (see the definition below), or sells or solicits the sale of a controlled substance, (see the definition below), while at school, on school premises, or at a school function under the jurisdiction of NYSED or a school district; or
3. has inflicted serious bodily injury (see the definition below) upon another person while at school, on school premises, or at a school function under the jurisdiction of NYSED or a school district.

Definitions

Controlled substance means a drug or other substance identified under schedules I, II, III, IV, or V in section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)).

Illegal drug means a controlled substance; but does not include a controlled substance that is legally possessed or used under the supervision of a licensed health-care professional or that is legally possessed or used under any other authority under that Act or under any other provision of federal law.

Serious bodily injury has the meaning given the term ‘‘serious bodily injury’’ under paragraph (3) of subsection (h) of section 1365 of title 18, United States Code.

Weapon has the meaning given the term ‘‘dangerous weapon’’ under paragraph (2) of the first subsection (g) of section 930 of title 18, United States Code.

Notification

On the date it makes the decision to make a removal that is a change of placement of the child because of a violation of a code of student conduct, the school district must notify the parents of that decision (prior written notice), and provide the parents with a procedural safeguards notice.

Change of Placement Because of Disciplinary Removals | 34 CFR section 300.536; 8 NYCRR section 201.2

A removal of a child with a disability from the child’s current educational placement is a change of placement if:

1. the removal is for more than 10 school days in a row; or
2. the child has been subjected to a series of removals that constitute a pattern because:
   1. the series of removals total more than 10 school days in a school year;
   2. the child’s behavior is substantially similar to the child’s behavior in previous incidents that resulted in the series of removals; and
   3. of such additional factors as the length of each removal, the total amount of time the child has been removed, and the proximity of the removals to one another.

Whether a pattern of removals constitutes a change of placement is determined on a case-by-case basis by the school district and, if challenged, is subject to review through due process and judicial proceedings.

Determination of Setting | 34 CFR section 300.531; 8 NYCRR section 201.10

The CSE or CPSE must determine the IAES for removals that are changes of placement, and removals under the headings Additional authority and Special circumstances, above.

Appeal | 34 CFR section 300.532; 8 NYCRR section 201.11

General

The parent of a child with a disability may file a due process complaint (see above) to request a due process hearing if he or she disagrees with:

1. any decision regarding placement made under these discipline provisions; or
2. the manifestation determination described above.

The school district may file a due process complaint (see above) to request a due process hearing if it believes that maintaining the current placement of the child is substantially likely to result in injury to the child or to others.

Authority of impartial hearing officer

A hearing officer that meets the requirements described under the sub-heading Impartial Hearing Officer must conduct the due process hearing and make a decision. The hearing officer may:

1. return the child with a disability to the placement from which the child was removed if the hearing officer determines that the removal was a violation of the requirements described under the heading Authority of School Personnel, or that the child’s behavior was a manifestation of the child’s disability; or
2. order a change of placement of the child with a disability to an appropriate IAES for not more than 45 school days if the hearing officer determines that maintaining the current placement of the child is substantially likely to result in injury to the child or to others.

These hearing procedures may be repeated, if the school district believes that returning the child to the original placement is substantially likely to result in injury to the child or to others.

Whenever a parent or a school district files a due process complaint to request such a hearing, a hearing must be held that meets the requirements described under the headings Due Process Complaint Procedures, Hearings on Due Process Complaints, and Appeal of decisions; impartial review except as follows:

1. The school district must arrange for an expedited due process hearing, which must occur within 20 school days of the date the hearing is requested and must result in a determination within 10 school days after the hearing.
2. Unless the parents and the school district agree in writing to waive the meeting, or agree to use mediation, a resolution meeting must occur within seven calendar days of receiving notice of the due process complaint. The hearing may proceed unless the matter has been resolved to the satisfaction of both parties within 15 calendar days of receipt of the due process complaint.

A party may appeal the decision in an expedited due process hearing in the same way as they may for decisions in other due process hearings (see Appeals, above).

Placement During Appeals | 34 CFR section 300.533; 8 NYCRR section 201.10

When, as described above, the parent or school district has filed a due process complaint related to disciplinary matters, the child must (unless the parent and NYSED or school district agree otherwise) remain in IAES pending the decision of the IHO, or until the expiration of the time period of removal as provided for and described under the heading Authority of School Personnel, whichever occurs first.

Protections for Children Not Yet Eligible for Special Education and Related Services | 34 CFR section 300.534; 8 NYCRR section 201.5

General

If a child has not been determined eligible for special education and related services and violates a code of student conduct, but the school district had knowledge (as determined below) before the behavior that brought about the disciplinary action occurred, that the child was a child with a disability, then the child may assert any of the protections described in this notice.

Basis of knowledge for disciplinary matters

A school district must be deemed to have knowledge that a child is a child with a disability if, before the behavior that brought about the disciplinary action occurred:

1. the parent of the child expressed concern in writing that the child is in need of special education and related services to supervisory or administrative personnel of the appropriate educational agency, or a teacher of the child;
2. the parent requested an evaluation related to eligibility for special education and related services under Part B of IDEA; or
3. the child’s teacher, or other school district personnel expressed specific concerns about a pattern of behavior demonstrated by the child directly to the school district’s director of special education or to other supervisory personnel of the school district.

Exception

A school district would not be deemed to have such knowledge if:

1. the child’s parent has not allowed an evaluation of the child or refused special education services; or
2. the child has been evaluated and determined to not be a child with a disability under Part B of IDEA.

Conditions that apply if there is no basis of knowledge

If prior to taking disciplinary measures against the child, a school district does not have knowledge that a child is a child with a disability, as described above under the sub-headings Basis of knowledge for disciplinary matters and

Exception, the child may be subjected to the disciplinary measures that are applied to children without disabilities who engaged in comparable behaviors.

However, if a request is made for an evaluation of a child during the time period in which the child is subjected to disciplinary measures, the evaluation must be conducted in an expedited manner.

Until the evaluation is completed, the child remains in the educational placement determined by school authorities, which can include suspension or expulsion without educational services.

If the child is determined to be a child with a disability, taking into consideration information from the evaluation conducted by the school district, and information provided by the parents, the school district must provide special education and related services in accordance with Part B of IDEA, including the disciplinary requirements described above.

Referral to and Actions by Law Enforcement and Judicial Authorities |  34 CFR section 300.535

Part B of IDEA does not:

1. 1. prohibit an agency from reporting a crime committed by a child with a disability to appropriate authorities; or
2. 2. prevent State law enforcement and judicial authorities from exercising their responsibilities with regard to the application of federal and State law to crimes committed by a child with a disability.

Transmittal of records

If a school district reports a crime committed by a child with a disability, the school district:

1. must ensure that copies of the child’s special education and disciplinary records are transmitted for consideration by the authorities to whom the agency reports the crime; and
2. may transmit copies of the child’s special education and disciplinary records only to the extent permitted by FERPA.

Use of Public and Private Benefits/Insurance

Children with Disabilities Covered by Public Insurance | 34 CFR section 300.154(d); 8 NYCRR sections 200.5(b)(8)

A school district may use the parent’s or child’s public benefits or insurance programs (such as Medicaid) to provide or pay for special education and related services. In order to bill public benefits or insurance programs, the school district must:

1. obtain your written consent (consistent with the section under the heading Parental Consent – Definition) before accessing your or your child’s public benefits or insurance for the first time; and
2. provide you with a written notification before accessing your or your child’s public benefits or insurance for the first time and annually thereafter. This written notification must inform you that:
   1. you are not required to sign up for or enroll in public benefits in order for your child to receive FAPE;
   2. you are not required to incur an out-of-pocket expense, such as the payment of a deductible or co-pay amount incurred in filing a claim for services;
   3. the district may not use your child’s benefits under a public benefits or insurance program if that use would:
      • decrease available lifetime coverage or other insured benefit;
      • result in your family paying for services that would otherwise be covered by the public benefits or insurance program and that are required for your child outside of the time your child is in school;
      • increase premiums or lead to the discontinuation of benefits or insurance; or
      • risk loss of eligibility for home and community-based waivers, based aggregate health-related expenditures.
   4. your refusal or withdrawal of consent to allow access to your public benefits or insurance does not relieve the school district of its responsibility to ensure that all IEP services are provided at no cost to you; and
   5. you may withdraw your consent at any time.

Children with Disabilities Covered by Private Insurance | 34 CFR section 300.154(e); 8 NYCRR sections 200.5(b)(9)

With regard to services required to provide FAPE to your child, the school district may access your private insurance proceeds only if you provide consent consistent with the section under the heading Parental Consent – Definition

Each time the school district proposes to access your private insurance proceeds, it must:

• obtain your consent; and
• inform you that your refusal to permit the school district to access your private insurance does not relieve the school district of its responsibility to ensure that all required services are provided at no cost to you.

The school district may use its Part B IDEA funds to pay the costs that you might otherwise have to pay to use your benefits or insurance (e.g., the deductible or co-pay).

Requirements for Unilateral Placement by Parents of Children in Private Schools at Public Expense

General | 34 CFR section 300.148

Part B of IDEA does not require a school district to pay for the cost of education, including special education and related services, of your child with a disability at a private school or facility if the school district made FAPE available to your child and you choose to place the child in a private school or facility. However, the school district where the private school is located must include your child in the population whose needs are addressed under the Part B provisions regarding children who have been placed by their parents in a private school under 34 CFR sections 300.131 through 300.144.

Reimbursement for private school placement

If your child previously received special education and related services under the authority of a school district, and you choose to enroll your child in a private preschool, elementary school, or secondary school without the consent of or referral by the school district, a court or a hearing officer may require the agency to reimburse you for the cost of that enrollment if the court or an IHO finds that the agency had not made FAPE available to your child in a timely manner prior to that enrollment and that the private placement is appropriate. An IHO or court may find your placement to be appropriate, even if the placement does not meet the State standards that apply to education provided by NYSED and school districts.

Limitation on reimbursement

The cost of reimbursement described in the paragraph above may be reduced or denied:

1. if: (a) At the most recent CSE or CPSE meeting that you attended prior to your removal of your child from the public school, you did not inform the CSE or CPSE that you were rejecting the placement proposed by the school district to provide FAPE to your child, including stating your concerns and your intent to enroll your child in a private school at public expense; or (b) At least 10 business days (including any holidays that occur on a business day) prior to your removal of your child from the public school, you did not give written notice to the school district of that information;
2. if, prior to your removal of your child from the public school, the school district provided prior written notice to you, of its intent to evaluate your child (including a statement of the purpose of the evaluation that was appropriate and reasonable), but you did not make the child available for the evaluation; or
3. upon a court’s finding that your actions were unreasonable.

However, the cost of reimbursement:

1. must not be reduced or denied for failure to provide the notice if: (a) the school prevented you from providing the notice; (b) you had not received notice of your responsibility to provide the notice described above; or (c) compliance with the requirements above would likely result in physical harm to your child; and
2. may, in the discretion of the court or an IHO, not be reduced or denied for the parents’ failure to provide the required notice if: (a) the parent is not literate or cannot write in English; or (b) compliance with the above requirement would likely result in serious emotional harm to the child.

Resources

United States Department of Education – IDEA Site
(Includes Part 300 of the Code of Federal Regulations)

New York State Education Department

NYSED Office of Special Education

Parts 200 and 201 of the Regulations of the Commissioner of Education

Special Education Quality Assurance Regional Offices

Central

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
Hughes State Office Building
333 E. Washington Street, Suite 210
Syracuse, NY 13202
(315) 428-4556
(315) 428-4555 (fax)

New York City

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
55 Hanson Place, Room 545
Brooklyn, NY 11217-1580
(718) 722-4544
(718) 722-2032 (fax)

Eastern

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
89 Washington Avenue, Room 309 EB
Albany, NY 12234
(518) 486-6366
(518) 473-5769 (fax)

Long Island

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
Perry B. Duryea, Jr. State Office Building
Room # 2A-5
Hauppauge , NY 11788
(631) 952-3352
(631) 952-3834 (fax)

Hudson Valley

Albany Site

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
89 Washington Avenue, Room 309 EB
Albany, NY 12234
(518) 473-1185
(914) 402-2180 (fax)

Peekskill Site

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
1 Park Place, 3rd Floor
Peekskill, NY 10566
(914) 940-2900
(914) 402-2180 (fax)

Western

(NYS School for the Blind)
NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
2A Richmond Avenue
Batavia, NY 14020
(585) 344-2002
(585) 344-2422 (fax)

Nondistrict Unit

Albany Site

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
89 Washington Avenue, Room 309 EB
Albany, NY 12234
(518) 473-1185
(518) 402-3582 (fax)

Peekskill Site

NYS Education Department
Special Education Quality Assurance
1 Park Place, 3rd Floor
Peekskill, NY 10566
(914) 940-2900
(914) 402-2180 (fax)